What is the best way to treat a fracture until medical help arrives?

Immobilizing the fracture site and keeping the casualty calm is the best approach to take until medical help arrives. Immobilization prevents further injury by limiting movement in the affected area, which can help minimize pain and reduce the risk of complications like additional trauma to surrounding tissues, nerves, or blood vessels. Keeping the casualty calm is also crucial because panic can lead to increased heart rate and anxiety, which may exacerbate the situation or lead to shock.

In contrast, applying heat to the area can worsen inflammation and increase pain. Encouraging movement of the limb could result in further injury and increased pain, potentially leading to complications. Massaging the injury is not advisable as it can disturb the fracture site and cause additional damage to the tissues around the injury, leading to more severe outcomes.